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Solidity has two main types of data types: value types and reference types. Value types are stored directly in the memory of the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). When a value type variable is assigned to another variable, a copy of the value is created. This means that changes to one variable will not affect the other variable. Reference types are stored in a separate memory location and contain ..

Storage Storage is a persistent data store in Solidity that is used to store state variables. State variables are variables that are saved to the blockchain and can be accessed and modified by any user of the contract. Storage is the most expensive type of storage in Solidity, as it requires gas to read and write to. Memory Memory is a temporary data store in Solidity that is used to store data ..

Variable : The name given to the memory space that can store variable values, or the memory space itself, is called a 'variable'. State Variables : Declared outside of a function. Variable permanently stored in the contract storage. Local Variables : Declared inside a function. Exists only during function execution. Not stored in blockchain contract. Global Variables : (ex. Block info , msg info..

1. SPDX - License - Identifier ex . //SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT : In each file of the project, add a line at the top that matches the license. Determine the License applied to the file License standardization of source code and documents Eliminate error-prone license header parsing 2. Pragma solidity ex. pragma solidity >= 0.7.0 < 0.9.0; : Indicates the solidity compiled version of the curren..

The GHOST protocol (Greedy Heaviest Observed Subtree) is a chain selection rule that is used in the Ethereum blockchain. It is a modification of the longest chain rule, which was the original chain selection rule used in Ethereum. The GHOST protocol was introduced in 2013 as a way to improve the security of the Ethereum blockchain. It does this by making it more difficult for attackers to mine e..

The Contract Application Binary Interface (ABI) in the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a standard way to interact with smart contracts. It defines the functions and data types that are available in a smart contract and which we can use to interact with that smart contract. The ABI is a JSON file that contains information about the smart contract, such as the name of the contract, the functions..

Bytecode in EVM is the low-level programming language that is used to execute smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. It is generated by a compiler from Solidity code, which is a high-level programming language that is designed for writing smart contracts. EVM bytecode is a stack-based language, which means that it uses a stack to store data and instructions. The stack is a last-in-first-out..

EVM 2.0 is a major upgrade to the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) that is currently in development. It is designed to improve the performance, scalability, and security of the Ethereum network. Here is a table comparing EVM 1.0 and EVM 2.0: Feature EVM 1.0 EVM 2.0 Performance Slow transaction speed, high gas fees Faster transaction speed, lower gas fees Scalability Limited scalability Increased s..

EVM : The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized runtime environment that executes smart contracts. It is the core component of the Ethereum blockchain and is responsible for processing and validating all transactions on the network. The EVM is a stack-based virtual machine, which means that it uses a stack to store data and instructions. The stack is a last-in-first-out (LIFO) data s..

Bytecode is a low-level language that the EVM interprets to execute functions. ABI (= Application Binary Interface) is a JSON file used in web apps to call smart contracts. Approximate structural differences between the existing Web 2.0 and Web 3.0: