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import { ethers } from "hardhat"; const contractAddress = "0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3"; async function purchase(amount: number) { const VendingMachine = await ethers.getContractFactory("VendingMachine"); const vendingMachine = await VendingMachine.attach(contractAddress); const topic = [vendingMachine.filters.Purchase().topics!].toString(); const filter = { address: contractAddre..

Abstract contracts and interfaces are both powerful features of Solidity that can be used to improve the quality, flexibility, and readability of your code. However, there are some key differences between the two. Abstract contracts Abstract contracts are contracts that cannot be deployed by themselves. They must be inherited by other contracts. Abstract contracts are used to define the common f..

A Solidity interface is a contract that can only contain function declarations. Interfaces are used to define the common functionality of a group of related contracts. Interfaces cannot be inherited, they must be inherited with a contract. You cannot define a fully implemented function. Functions that are not implemented must be specified. The visibility specifier of the function must be externa..

Optional Attribute In TypeScript interfaces, you can make properties optional by using the ? symbol after the property name. An optional property allows you to define that a certain property may or may not be present in an object that implements the interface. This provides flexibility when working with objects that may have varying sets of properties. Here's an example that demonstrates the use..

In TypeScript, an interface is a way to define the structure and shape of an object. It describes the contract that an object must adhere to by specifying the names, types, and optional modifiers of its properties and methods. Interfaces play a crucial role in defining the shape of data and enabling type checking and static analysis in TypeScript. Here's an example of defining an interface in Ty..